Child abuse can take different forms, and it is not always easy to recognize. Sometimes it involves visible harm. Other times, it shows up through fear, withdrawal, changes in behavior, or unmet needs.
Understanding what child abuse can look like is one of the first steps in protecting children.
It can happen in any community, and it often involves someone the child knows and trusts.
PennCAC’s role is to support the network of Children’s Advocacy Centers across Pennsylvania that help children and families when abuse is suspected or reported.
When a child is intentionally hurt or injured.
When words, threats, rejection, or ongoing harmful behavior affect a child’s emotional development or sense of safety.
When a child is involved in sexual activity, sexual contact, or exploitation.
When a child’s basic needs—such as supervision, food, shelter, medical care, or emotional care—are not met.
If you see or hear any of these signs, don’t hesitate. Call ChildLine 24/7, toll-free at 1-800-932-0313.
You do not need proof of abuse to make a report!
The impact of abuse can last long after the moment has passed.
Child abuse can affect a child’s sense of safety, their health, their relationships, and how they move through the world. But support makes a difference. Early intervention, a safe response, and trauma-informed care can change lives for the better.
came to a Pennsylvania CAC in 2025 because of suspected abuse. More than 70% of those cases involved alleged sexual abuse.
of child sexual abuse, the abuser is someone known to the child.
No. If something feels wrong, trust your instincts and take the next step. Report suspected abuse immediately to 1-800-932-0313.
No. Some signs are behavioral or emotional and may be harder to spot.
Child welfare professionals or law enforcement are the first to respond to reported abuse. They assess the situation and determine next steps based on agency guidelines or laws.
If a case is referred to a CAC, CAC professionals work with these investigative teams to coordinate a collaborative process that includes a forensic interview, medical exam, trauma therapy and victim advocacy as needed.
If you’re trying to better understand what abuse looks like, the next best step is learning the warning signs. If you’re already concerned about a child, don’t wait.
